Exotic quantum many-body state, such as Haldane and spin liquid phases, can exhibit intriguing features like fractional excitations and non-abelian statistics, and provide new understandings of quantum entanglement in many-body systems. They are often indistinguishable from trivial states from the perspective of Landau’s symmetry breaking paradigm and are classified by non-local correlators. However, the characterization of these phases is experimentally challenging since the non-local correlators are sensitive to incoherent errors like atom losses, which suppress its signals exponentially. Additionally, there has not been much progress in developing protocols, which systematically identify and mitigate the incoherent errors in the analog quantum simulator. Here, we address these challenges by developing an error correction protocol for large-scale neutral atom quantum simulators using optical lattices, which simulate the strong-correlation physics of the paradigmatic two-dimensional Bose-Hubbard model. We develop and apply a new error correction approach based on the Ising model, which enables us to identify and remove uncorrelated errors in the quantum simulations. After correcting such incoherent errors, we observe a dramatic improvement of the parity correlator and find the perimeter scaling law in two-dimensional Mott insulators. Furthermore, the error model provides a statistical estimation of number fluctuations, from which we can measure the generalized brane order parameter. Our work provides a promising avenue for investigating and characterizing exotic phases of matters in large-scale quantum simulations.

Participation in our seminar online is also welcomed. Please find the attached Zoom link below.
https://bit.ly/3ososz2